{"product_id":"ss-31","title":"SS-31","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"1132\" data-end=\"1549\"\u003eSS-31, also known as elamipretide, is a synthetic aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂) designed to selectively localize to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Unlike antioxidants that broadly scavenge free radicals, SS-31 exerts its effects by binding cardiolipin, a phospholipid critical for maintaining mitochondrial cristae architecture and the function of electron transport chain (ETC) complexes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1551\" data-end=\"2062\"\u003eIn experimental systems, SS-31 has demonstrated the ability to improve mitochondrial coupling efficiency, enhance ATP production, and reduce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. By stabilizing cardiolipin, SS-31 helps preserve the integrity of ETC supercomplexes, thereby supporting efficient oxidative phosphorylation. This mechanism has positioned SS-31 as a central research tool in studies of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with aging, metabolic stress, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2064\" data-end=\"2672\"\u003eCardiovascular research models have shown that SS-31 may improve mitochondrial respiration in cardiac tissue, enhance myocardial energetic efficiency, and reduce cellular damage following ischemic stress. In skeletal muscle research, SS-31 has been associated with improved mitochondrial capacity, fatigue resistance, and recovery of muscle performance in models of age-related or disease-related mitochondrial decline. Renal research has explored SS-31’s role in protecting mitochondrial integrity in kidney cells exposed to oxidative and metabolic stress, highlighting its relevance in nephrology research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2674\" data-end=\"3174\"\u003eNeurological studies have investigated SS-31 for its potential to support neuronal mitochondrial function, synaptic energy demands, and resistance to oxidative injury. These findings have made SS-31 a subject of interest in research on neurodegeneration, cognitive decline, and central nervous system energy metabolism. Additionally, metabolic research models suggest SS-31 may influence insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism through improved mitochondrial efficiency and reduced oxidative burden.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3176\" data-end=\"3510\"\u003eSS-31’s targeted mechanism differentiates it from conventional antioxidants and underscores its value in experimental designs focused on mitochondrial structure-function relationships. Ongoing research continues to evaluate its role in multi-organ systems where mitochondrial health is foundational to cellular and tissue performance.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Chroma23® Peptides","offers":[{"title":"10mg","offer_id":47008783073515,"sku":"SS3-10-C23","price":136.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0791\/1332\/2731\/files\/SS-Chroma-VIal.jpg?v=1765930402","url":"https:\/\/www.chroma23peptides.com\/products\/ss-31","provider":"Chroma23® Peptides","version":"1.0","type":"link"}